Pike Research » Energy Storage

Frequency Regulation for the Grid

Kristi Anderson — Tue, 24 Apr 2012 02:53:47 +0000

Frequency regulation is an ancillary service with the purpose of managing the quality of energy on the grid. Frequency regulation balances the fluctuations between electricity generation and electrical load and manages the variability in the grid’s frequency output and is required to maintain grid balance regardless of whether the electricity market is regulated or deregulated; frequency regulation is relevant to every grid system. Traditionally, frequency regulation was largely tied to the wholesale energy market. Today, a second key driver has developed – intermittent renewable energy. Solar PV, wind, and other intermittent resources are causing frequency instabilities on the electrical grid. In addition, in face of energy security concerns, major economies are mandating changes in energy mixes globally, altering the mix of technologies available to deliver frequency regulation.

New opportunities in the frequency regulation sector are emerging in countries that are liberalizing or deregulating electricity markets. Additional opportunities are developing in fully deregulated markets that are changing market rules to differentiate the quality of frequency regulation delivered by various technologies. The United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has issued Order 755 (commonly referred to as the commission’s Pay for Performance order) with the purpose of making the market more efficient, encouraging high-quality vendors to the market, and reducing the amount of frequency regulation required by the market, all else being equal.

This Pike Research report analyzes the global market for frequency regulation including capacity supplied by coal power plants, natural gas power plants, nuclear power plants, and energy storage systems. The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the demand drivers, business models, policies, and technology issues associated with the frequency regulation market. Key industry players are profiled in depth and worldwide revenue and capacity forecasts, segmented by technology and region, extend through 2022.

Key Questions Addressed:

What is frequency regulation?
How is frequency regulation delivered?
What are the key market structures affecting how much frequency regulation is worth?
What are the key differences between the North American, European, and Asian markets?
What key market conditions will affect the frequency regulation market over the next 10 years?
How will more aggressive economic growth affect the frequency regulation market?

Who needs this report?

Renewable energy technology providers and project developers
Energy storage technology vendors and integrators
Battery manufacturers and component providers
Utilities
Government agencies
Investor community

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Market Issues

1.3 Technologies

1.4 Market Forecast

2. Market Issues

2.1 What Are Ancillary Services?

2.2 What Is Frequency Regulation?

2.3 Key Market Conditions

2.3.1 Regulated Markets and Technology Mix

2.3.2 Deregulated Markets and Technology Mix

3. Markets by Region

3.1 Broad Regional Comparison

3.2 North America

3.2.1 Energy Mix

3.2.2 Pay for Performance

3.3 Europe

3.3.1 European Grid System

3.3.2 Technical Requirements

3.4 Asia Pacific

3.4.1 Korea

3.4.2 China

3.4.3 India

3.5 Rest of World

4. Technology Issues

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Flywheels

4.2.1 Basic Principles

4.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses

4.2.3 Issues Related to Cost

4.3 Lead-Acid Batteries

4.4 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

4.5 Pumped Storage

4.5.1 Overview

4.5.2 Applications

4.5.3 Issues Related to Cost

4.6 Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

4.6.1 Overview

4.6.2 Applications

4.6.3 Issues Related To Cost

4.7 Lithium ion Batteries

4.7.1 Overview

4.7.2 Leading Chemistries

4.7.3 Summary of Developments

4.7.4 Efficiency and Capacity

4.7.5 Issues Related to Cost

4.8 ESS for Ancillary Services Technology Comparison

4.9 ESS for Ancillary Services Costs

5. Key Industry Players

5.1 Grid operators

5.1.1 TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company)

5.1.2 KPX (Korea Power Exchange)

5.1.3 ERCOT

5.1.4 PJM

5.1.5 Energinet

5.2 Flywheels

5.2.1 Active Power

5.2.2 Amber Kinetics

5.2.3 Beacon Power

5.2.4 Vycon

5.3 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

5.3.1 East Penn Manufacturing

5.3.2 Panasonic

5.3.3 Xtreme Power

5.4 Lithium Ion

5.4.1 A123 Systems

5.4.2 Altairnano

5.4.3 Saft Batteries

5.5 NaS Batteries: NGK Insulators

5.6 Pumped Storage

5.6.1 Black & Veatch

5.6.2 HDR

5.6.3 MWH Global

5.7 Energy Storage Value-Add Players

5.7.1 AES Energy Storage

5.7.2 NYSERDA

6. Market Forecasts

6.1 Key Market Conditions

6.2 Scenarios: Average and Aggressive

6.3 Methodology

6.3.1 Revenue

6.3.2 Model

6.4 Global Market Forecast

6.5 North America

6.6 Europe

6.7 Asia Pacific

7. Company Directory
8. Acronym and Abbreviation List
9. Table of Contents
10. Table of Charts and Figures
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

Coal-Fired Power Plant Following the AGC Regulation Command Signal
Commercial Flywheel Performance
The European Grid’s Five Synchronous Areas: 2009
Fingrid Regulation Up and Regulation Down Prices for 2011
World Energy Consumption: 1990-2035
Diagram of Electric Power Supply and Demand, Korea: 2010
Korea’s Smart Grid Roadmap
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Cycle Life Comparison to Other Advanced Batteries
Schematic of Pumped Storage
Planned Pumped Storage Facilities in the United States
Integrating Wind with Pumped Storage Shaping Wind Variability
Schematic of Sodium-Sulfur Battery Technology
Core NaS Application: Conventional Energy Time Shifting or Peak Shaving
Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, World Markets: 2012-2022
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, United States: 2008
Generation Capacity by Fuel Type, South Korea: 2001-2012
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, China: 2008
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Market by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Region, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, World Markets: 2012-2022

List of Tables

Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Frequency Regulation Market
Summary of Select Ancillary Service Markets and Characteristics
Summary of Key Markets and Drivers and Market Characteristics, Select Countries
Summary of Market Structures, ISOs versus Vertically Integrated Markets
Summary of U.S. Grid Operators, Capacity, Ancillary Services Considered, and Payments, as Available
Fingrid Regulation Up and Regulation Down Minimum, Maximum, and Average Prices for 2011
Summary of European Grid Operators, Capacity, Ancillary Services Considered, and Payments, as Available
Technical Comparison of Primary Frequency Control, Parameters in Various Systems: 2007
Summary of Asia Pacific Grid Operators, Capacity, Ancillary Services Considered, and Payments, as Available
South Korea’s Energy Consumption and Imports
China Southern Grid Frequency Regulation Payment Structure
Summary of Rest of World Grid Operators, Capacity, Ancillary Services Considered, and Payments, as Available
Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
ESG Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
Storage Characteristics by Application and Technology
Active Power SWOT Analysis
Amber Kinetics SWOT Analysis
Beacon Power SWOT Analysis
Vycon SWOT Analysis
East Penn Manufacturing SWOT Analysis
Panasonic SWOT Analysis
Xtreme Power SWOT Analysis
A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
Altairnano SWOT Analysis
Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
NGK Insulators SWOT Analysis
Black & Veatch SWOT Analysis
HDR SWOT Analysis
MWH SWOT Analysis
AES Energy Storage SWOT Analysis
NYSERDA SWOT Analysis
Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Frequency Regulation Market
Pike Research Forecast Methodology Drivers
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Annual Growth of Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Capacity, Africa, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Cost by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market, by Technology Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Region, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, Average Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Region, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Frequency Regulation Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, Aggressive Scenario, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Average Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue by Technology, Aggressive Scenario, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, North America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Western Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Asia Pacific: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Latin America: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Eastern Europe: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Middle East: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, Africa: 2012-2022
Total Frequency Regulation Market Revenue, Average and Aggressive Scenarios, World Markets: 2012-2022

Community and Residential Energy Storage

Kristi Anderson — Wed, 22 Feb 2012 00:54:46 +0000

Community and residential energy storage systems are sited at the “end of the line” on the grid. These systems are typically much smaller than utility-scale or bulk energy storage and are either situated at the distribution transformer or at the customer premise. Of the varied application areas for energy storage systems, community and residential storage is one of the newest and least understood applications. Currently, utilities, vendors, and even governments are demonstrating community and residential energy storage systems with a goal of understanding the value of these small, distributed systems sited at the edge of the electrical grid. These groups are testing CRES for the purposes of smoothing peaks in electricity demand, enabling voltage support and frequency regulation, and providing islanding capabilities.

Although the CRES sector is still nascent, market conditions, technology capabilities, and economics are beginning to align in a way that points to significant growth opportunities over the coming decade. The expansion of distributed solar photovoltaics capacity, the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles, and the spread of dynamic pricing programs will all be key drivers in the growth of such distributed energy storage systems. However, current barriers to CRES include the need for further refinement of business models for community and residential deployments, regulatory barriers related to financial structures, and the identification of cost/benefit models for various CRES applications.

This Pike Research report assesses the market opportunity for the utilization of battery-based energy storage systems in community and residential deployments. Key applications covered include voltage support, frequency regulation, islanding, and peak shaving using lithium ion, advanced lead-acid, and flow battery technologies. The study includes profiles and SWOT analysis for key industry players as well as global revenue and installed capacity forecasts, segmented by technology and region, for the period from 2012 to 2022.

Key Questions Addressed:

What are the key applications for distributed energy storage systems?
What are the market drivers and barriers for community energy storage and how do they differ for residential energy storage?
What is the technology mix for CRES in each global region and how will it change over time?
What regions will be the global leaders in CRES and why?
How large is the CRES market, in terms of capacity and revenue?
What are the key metrics and methodologies for analyzing CRES market opportunities?

Who needs this report?

Energy storage technology vendors and integrators
Energy storage service providers
Battery manufacturers and component providers
Renewable energy technology providers and project developers
Renewable energy project developers
Utilities
Government agencies
Investor community

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Specific Applications for CRES

1.3 CRES Technologies and Players

1.4 Drivers for CRES

1.5 Barriers to CRES

1.6 CRES Market Forecast

2. Market Issues

2.1 CRES Market Segments

2.1.1 Grid-Tied Community Energy Storage

2.1.2 Grid-Tied Residential Energy Storage

2.2 The Grid and Differences among World Regions

2.3 Pilots and Demonstrations

2.4 Market Drivers

2.4.1 Distributed Solar

2.4.2 Plug-in Vehicles

2.4.3 Other Intermittent Renewables

2.4.4 Dynamic Pricing

2.5 Market Barriers

2.5.1 Business Models

2.5.2 Utility Attitudes and Objectives

2.5.3 Consumer Attitudes

3. Markets by Region

3.1 Summary

3.2 North America

3.2.1 Energy Mix

3.2.2 Distributed Solar PV

3.2.3 Plug-in Electric Vehicles

3.2.4 Dynamic Pricing

3.2.5 Spotlight: State of California Initiatives

3.3 Europe

3.3.1 Energy Mix

3.3.2 Distributed Solar PV

3.3.3 Plug-in Electric Vehicles

3.3.4 Dynamic Pricing

3.3.5 Spotlight: CRES Opportunities in France

3.3.5.1 Distributed Solar PV

3.3.5.2 Plug-in Vehicles

3.3.5.3 Residential Electricity Pricing Schemes

3.3.6 Spotlight on CRES Opportunities: Germany

3.3.6.1 Distributed Solar PV

3.3.6.2 Plug-in Vehicles

3.4 Asia Pacific

3.4.1 Key Drivers in Asia Pacific

3.4.2 Spotlight: CRES Opportunities in China

3.4.2.1 Distributed Solar PV

3.4.2.2 Plug-in Vehicles

3.4.2.3 Dynamic Pricing

3.4.3 Spotlight: CRES Opportunities in Japan

3.4.3.1 Distributed Solar PV

3.4.3.2 Dynamic Pricing

3.4.4 Spotlight: South Korea’s New Energy Initiatives

3.4.4.1 Smart Grid Program

3.4.4.2 Jeju Island Test Bed

3.5 Rest of the World

4. Technology Issues

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Flow Batteries

4.2.1 Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

4.2.2 Zinc Bromine Flow Batteries

4.3 Lead-Acid Batteries

4.4 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

4.5 Li-ion Batteries

4.5.1 Overview

4.5.2 Leading Chemistries

4.5.3 Summary of Developments

4.5.4 Efficiency and Capacity

4.5.5 Issues Related to Cost

5. Key Industry Players

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

5.2.1 GS Battery

5.2.2 Panasonic

5.2.3 Xtreme Power

5.3 Li-ion

5.3.1 A123 Systems

5.3.2 Altair Nanotechnologies

5.3.3 Boston-Power, Inc.

5.3.4 International Battery

5.3.5 LG Chem Ltd.

5.3.6 Saft Batteries

5.3.7 Sony

5.4 Flow Batteries

5.4.1 EnerVault Corporation

5.4.2 Premium Power Corporation

5.4.3 Prudent Energy Corporation

5.4.4 Primus Power

5.4.5 RedFlow Technologies, Ltd.

5.4.6 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

5.4.7 ZBB Energy Corporation

5.5 Utilities

5.5.1 American Electric Power

5.5.2 Duke Energy

5.5.3 Scottish and Southern Energy (SSE)

5.5.4 Southern California Edison

5.6 Energy Storage Value-Add Players

5.6.1 Pacific Northwest National Lab

5.6.2 ABB

5.6.3 Rubenius

5.6.4 S&C Electric Company

6. Market Forecasts

6.1 Pike Research Forecast Methodology

6.1.1 Cost

6.1.2 Model

6.1.3 Flexpoints in the Model

6.2 Forecast by CRES Technology

6.3 Applications Forecast

6.4 Forecast by Region

7.      Company Directory
8.      Acronym and Abbreviation List
9.      Table of Contents
10.    Table of Charts and Figures
11.     Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

CRES Installed Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Canada: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, United States: 2008
Distributed PV Annual Capacity Additions, Americas: 2009-2015
Cumulative Light-Duty PEV Sales, North America: 2011-2017
Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption, World Markets: 2006-2020
Distributed PV Annual Capacity Additions, Europe: 2009-2015
Cumulative Light-Duty PEV Sales, Europe: 2011-2017
Distributed PV Capacity Additions, Asia Pacific: 2009-2015
Cumulative Light-Duty PEV Sales, Asia Pacific: 2011-2017
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, China: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Japan: 2008
CRES Installed Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed Revenue by CRES Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed Capacity for CES by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed Capacity for RES by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed Capacity by CRES Application, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed CRES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed CES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed RES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed CES Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Installed RES Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Pattern of Voltage Levels Delivered to Customers Worldwide
Renewable Distributed Energy Generation Carve-Outs by State, United States: 2011
Solar Energy Production (Ton of Oil Equivalent) in Europe
Japan’s Solar PV Plan
How TEPCO Calculates Electricity Charges for Residential Customers
Korea’s Smart Grid Roadmap
Korea’s Jeju Island Smart Grid Test Bed
Schematic of Vanadium Redox Battery Technology
Core VRB Application: Conventional Energy Time Shifting or Load Leveling
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Cycle Life Comparison to Other Advanced Batteries

List of Tables

Specific Applications Performed by CRES, Drivers, Challenges, and Benefits
Community, Residential, and Off-Grid/Remote Energy Storage Projects, World Markets: 2011
Renewable Energy Policies and Incentives, World Markets: 2010
Utilities with Residential Dynamic Charges, United States
Energy Storage Guidelines under SGIP
AB 2514 Implementation Timeline
EDF Flat-Rate and Peak/Off-Peak Rates as Set by Regulator, France: 2011
EDF Tempo Color Scheme, France: 2011
Tempo Pricing Scheme, Pricing Set by Regulator, France: 2011
Standard Pricing Scheme for TEPCO Residential Customers
New and Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariff Scheme, Korea
Funding Profile of Korea’s Smart Grid Program through 2030
CRES Segments and Technologies Summary
Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
GS Battery SWOT Analysis
Panasonic SWOT Analysis
Xtreme Power SWOT Analysis
A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
Altair Nanotechnologies SWOT Analysis
Boston Power SWOT Analysis
International Battery SWOT Analysis
LG Chem SWOT Analysis
Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
Sony SWOT Analysis
EnerVault SWOT Analysis
Premium Power SWOT Analysis
Prudent Energy SWOT Analysis
Primus Power SWOT Analysis
RedFlow Technologies SWOT Analysis
Sumitomo Electric Industries SWOT Analysis
ZBB Energy Corporation SWOT Analysis
American Electric Power SWOT Analysis
Duke Energy SWOT Analysis
SSE SWOT Analysis
Southern California Edison SWOT Analysis
Pacific Northwest National Lab SWOT Analysis
ABB SWOT Analysis
Rubenius SWOT Analysis
S&C Electric Company SWOT Analysis
Baseline Figures for Each Application in the CRES Forecast, World Markets: 2012
Key Flexpoints in the CRES Model
Renewable Energy Policies and Incentives, World Markets: 2010
Installed Power Cost by Technology for CRES Applications: 2012-2022
Installed Energy Cost by Technology for CRES Applications: 2012-2022
Growth of New Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Installed New CES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Installed New RES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery CES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery RES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Growth of New Advanced Li-ion Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Installed New CES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Installed New RES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery CES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Li-ion Battery RES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Growth of New Advanced Flow Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New CES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New RES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery CES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Flow Battery RES Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
New Installed CRES Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Grid-tied Community Storage Revenue by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Grid-tied Residential Storage Revenue by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Revenue by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Revenue by Application, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total New Installed Community Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Community Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Community Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Community Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total New Installed Residential Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Residential Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Residential Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Residential Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total New Installed CRES Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Grid-tied Community Storage by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Grid-tied Residential Storage by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total Capacity by Application, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total New Installed Community Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Community Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Community Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Community Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Total New Installed Residential Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Advanced Lead-Acid New Installed Residential Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Li-ion New Installed Residential Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022
Flow Battery New Installed Residential Energy Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2022

Energy Storage Tracker 4Q11

Kristi Anderson — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 02:15:57 +0000

Energy storage technologies, which offer the promise of enabling a wide range of long-duration and short-duration applications for purposes of balancing electricity grid operations, are gaining increased momentum in the global marketplace. While the industry still faces a variety of challenges including technology development and the need for cost reduction, Pike Research’s analysis indicates that nearly 600 energy storage projects have been announced or deployed worldwide, with a surge of new project activity during the past decade.

The energy storage market is dynamic, but still immature where most technologies are concerned. In addition, the wide variety of technologies, applications, and lead times for installations in this sector can make it difficult for many industry participants to analyze the overall market. By systematically compiling the available data on all projects around the world, Pike Research’s energy storage tracker allows us to identify key market trends on a holistic basis.

This Pike Research tracker provides a comprehensive database of worldwide energy storage projects, including quantitative and qualitative analysis of key trends within the various application and technology segments. The tracker provides key facts and figures for each project including capacity, location, primary and secondary applications, technologies utilized, and investment cost where available.

Key Questions Addressed:

What are the leading regions for energy storage projects (and capacity) globally?
What are the leading market segments for energy storage projects (and capacity) globally?
What are the leading technologies for energy storage projects globally?
What is the market share of individual technologies and vendors in the global energy storage market?
How many (and what is the capacity of) energy storage projects that have been announced and deployed?
What are the leading technologies and market segments for each global region?
How has the rate of energy storage installations varied over time?

Who needs this report?

Utilities and grid operators
Power plant owners and operators
Energy storage technology vendors
Energy storage integrators
Battery vendors and component supplies
Renewable energy technology providers
Renewable energy project developers
Government agencies
Investor community

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Purpose

1.2 What is Included?

2. Status of Energy Storage Projects

2.1 Tracking

2.2 Projects by Status

3. Energy Storage by World Region

3.1 Regional Market Share by Capacity

3.2 Regional Market Share by Number of Installations

4. Energy Storage by Market Segment

4.1 Segment Market Share by Capacity

4.2 Segment Market Share by Installations

5. Energy Storage by Technology

5.1 Technology Market Share by Capacity

5.2 Technology Market Share by Installations

6. Energy Storage by Application

6.1 Purpose

6.2 Energy Storage Installations

7. Energy Storage over Time

7.1 Rise over the Last Decade

7.2 Steady Growth

8.      Table of Contents
9.      Table of Charts and Figures
10.    Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

All Announced Energy Storage Capacity, World Markets: 4Q11
Energy Storage Projects by Status, World Markets: 4Q11
Energy Storage Projects by Status, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Storage Capacity by Region, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Storage Capacity by Region, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Region, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Storage Installations by Region, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Capacity by Market Segment, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Capacity by Market Segment, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Market Segment, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Market Segment, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Capacity by Technology, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Technology, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Technology, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Application, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations by Application, Excluding Pumped Storage, World Markets: 4Q11
Energy Storage Installations, by Decade, World Markets: 4Q11
Cumulative Energy Storage Installations, by Decade, World Markets: 4Q11

List of Tables

Technologies Captured in the Pike Research Energy Storage Tracker
Energy Storage Projects, Asia Pacific
Energy Storage Projects, Europe
Energy Storage Projects, North America
Energy Storage Projects, Rest of World
Energy Storage Projects, Community and Residential Segment
Energy Storage Projects, Bulk Storage Segment
Energy Storage Projects, Ancillary Services Segment
Energy Storage Projects, Commercial Buildings (non-UPS) Segment
Energy Storage Projects, Remote/Off-Grid Segment
Energy Storage Projects, Thermal
Energy Storage Projects, All Regions and All Segments

Energy Storage Systems for Ancillary Services

Kristi Anderson — Sun, 09 Oct 2011 17:58:24 +0000

Energy storage technologies hold tremendous potential to help stabilize, regulate, and balance the flow of electricity through the power grid. While long-duration energy storage systems (ESS) for renewables integration and peak load shifting have been a topic of much discussion within the industry, a variety of short-duration applications for energy storage are also a critical factor in the development of the sector. Such short-duration energy storage systems may be utilized for ancillary services including frequency regulation, spinning reserves, voltage control, and load following, among others. Key technologies for these ancillary services include flywheels, pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage (CAES), and battery technologies such as lithium ion, sodium sulfur (NaS), and advanced lead acid batteries.

In the initial period of adoption, the ESS for ancillary services market will be limited to regions with suitable market structures, primarily deregulated electricity markets. The key regions will be North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, particularly for frequency regulation, load following, spinning reserves, and short-duration renewables integration. Pike Research forecasts that global revenues for ESS for ancillary services will surpass $3.2 billion by 2021.

This Pike Research report provides an in-depth examination of the market potential for energy storage systems for ancillary services including an analysis of legislation, financing, and market structures that will shape the sector as it develops in the coming decade. The study includes an assessment of technology issues, key application areas, and profiles and SWOT analysis of the principal market players in each segment. Global market forecasts, segmented by world region and technology, are provided through 2021.

Key Questions Addressed:

How is the energy storage market segmented between long-duration and short-duration applications?
What are ancillary services, and which energy storage technologies can participate in this market?
What are the technical and performance requirements for key ancillary services applications?
What are the business models being used for ESS for ancillary services?
How large is the market, in terms of megawatts and revenue, by application and region?
Who are the key market players and what are their relative strengths and weaknesses?
What are the key countries for ESS for ancillary services going forward and what are the key drivers, barriers, and opportunities for energy storage in those markets?
What are the estimated installed energy storage costs and revenue opportunities for energy storage technology providers?

Who needs this report?

Energy storage technology vendors
Battery manufacturers and component providers
Renewable energy technology providers and project developers
Utilities
Government agencies
Industry associations
Investor community

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Barriers and Drivers for ESS for Ancillary Services

1.3 Changes in the Ancillary Services Market Since 2010

1.4 Ancillary Services Technologies

1.5 Ancillary Services Market Forecast

1.5.1 Why the Numbers Are Different

1.5.2 Ancillary Services Forecasts

2. Market Issues

2.1 Defining the ESS Market

2.2 What Are Ancillary Services?

2.2.1 Applications within Ancillary Services

2.2.2 Drivers and Barriers for Ancillary Services

2.2.3 Pike Research’s Market Analysis of Ancillary Services

2.2.4 Energy Storage and Ancillary Services: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Applications

2.3 Business Models for ESS

3. Markets by Region

3.1 Broad Regional Comparison

3.2 North America

3.2.1 Canada

3.2.2 United States

3.2.2.1 State Renewable Portfolio Standards

3.2.2.2 Federal Funding for Energy Storage

3.2.2.3 ISO Market Dynamics

3.2.2.3.1. FERC Order Update

3.2.2.4 State of California Initiatives

3.2.3 Summary

3.3 Europe

3.3.1 Technical Requirements

3.3.2 Pricing, Existing Storage

3.3.3 Market Structures

3.3.4 Peaks

3.3.5 Renewables

3.3.5.1 Renewables Penetration

3.3.5.2 EU 20/20/20

3.3.6 Central Europe

3.3.7 Summary

3.4 Asia Pacific

3.4.1 Japan

3.4.2 Korea

3.4.3 India

3.4.4 China

3.4.5 Summary

3.5 Middle East

3.5.1 Israel

3.6 Latin America

4. Technology Issues

4.1 Flywheels

4.1.1 Basic Principles

4.1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses

4.1.3 Issues Related to Cost

4.2 Lead-Acid Batteries

4.2.1 Basic Principles

4.3 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

4.4 Compressed Air Energy Storage

4.4.1 Overview

4.4.2 Applications

4.4.3 Issues Related to Cost

4.5 Pumped Storage

4.5.1 Overview

4.5.2 Applications

4.5.3 Issues Related to Cost

4.6 Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

4.6.1 Overview

4.6.2 Applications

4.6.3 Issues Related To Cost

4.7 Lithium Ion Batteries

4.7.1 Overview

4.7.2 Leading Chemistries

4.7.3 Summary of Developments

4.7.4 Efficiency and Capacity

4.7.5 Issues Related to Cost

4.8 Hydrogen

4.8.1 Overview

4.8.2 Applications

4.9 Other Advanced Batteries

4.9.1 Sodium Metal Halide

4.9.2 Metal Air Batteries

4.10 ESS for Ancillary Services Technology Comparison

4.11 ESS for Ancillary Services Costs

5. Key Industry Players

5.1 Flywheels

5.1.1 Beacon Power

5.1.2 Amber Kinetics

5.1.3 Vycon

5.1.4 Active Power

5.2 Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

5.2.1 GS Battery

5.2.2 East Penn Manufacturing

5.2.3 Panasonic

5.2.4 Xtreme Power

5.3 Lithium Ion

5.3.1 A123 Systems

5.3.2 Altair Nanotechnologies

5.3.3 Electrovaya

5.3.4 International Battery

5.3.5 Saft Batteries

5.4 NaS Batteries

5.4.1 NGK Insulators

5.5 Compressed Air Energy Storage

5.5.1 Bright Energy Storage Technologies

5.5.2 SustainX

5.6 Hydrogen

5.6.1 Hydrogenics

5.7 Pumped Storage

5.7.1 Black & Veatch

5.7.2 HDR

5.7.3 MWH Global

5.8 Energy Storage Value-Add Players

5.8.1 ABB

5.8.2 AES Energy Storage

5.8.3 NYSERDA

5.8.4 Rubenius

5.8.5 S&C Electric Company

6. Market Forecasts

6.1 Changes Since the 2010 Forecasts

6.2 Forecasts by Ancillary Services Technology

6.3 Forecast by Application

6.4 Forecasts by Region

7.     Company Directory
8.     Acronym and Abbreviation List
9.     Table of Contents
10.   Table of Charts and Figures
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

Installed Revenue by ESS for Ancillary Services by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Canada: 2008
Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption: 2006-2020
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Japan: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Korea: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, India: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Middle East: 2008
Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Latin America: 2008
Estimated Cost-Down for ESS for Ancillary Services Installations: 2011-2021
Energy Storage Installed Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by ESS for Ancillary Services Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Cumulative Capacity Forecast by ESS for Ancillary Services Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Technology by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
ESS Market Segmentation
ISOs and RTOs in North America
Pike Research’s Current Approach to Analyzing the Ancillary Services Market
U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards
The European Grid’s Five Synchronous Areas: 2009
Technical Comparison of Primary Frequency Control, Parameters in Various Systems: 2007
Technical Comparison of Secondary Frequency Control, Parameters in Various Markets: 2007
Primary Production of Renewable Energies in Europe
Japan’s Solar PV Plan
Commercial Flywheel Performance
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Cycle Life Comparison to Other Advanced Batteries
Schematic of Compressed Air Energy Storage
Second-Generation CAES Design
Core CAES Application: Renewable Energy Time Shift: 2009
Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage
Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage – Enhanced with CAES Flexibility
Schematic of Pumped Storage
Planned Pumped Storage Facilities in the United States
Integrating Wind With Pumped Storage Shaping Wind Variability
Schematic of Sodium-Sulfur Battery Technology
Core NaS Application: Conventional Energy Time Shifting or Peak Shaving

List of Tables

Summary of Ancillary Services Forecasted
Select System or Grid Operators and Corresponding Ancillary Services
Summary of Select Ancillary Service Markets and Characteristics
Summary of Key Markets and Drivers and Market Characteristics, Select Countries
Summary of Market Structures, ISO Versus Vertically Integrated Markets
Federal Energy Storage Funding Opportunities
AB 2514 Implementation Timeline
Transition Challenges in the Power Sector for Central European Countries: 2006
New and Renewable Energy (NRE) Feed-In Tariff Scheme, Korea: 2010
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, Canada: 2008
Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption: 2006-2020
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, Japan: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, Korea: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, India: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, Middle East: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, Latin America: 2008
Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage
Energy Storage Technologies Strengths and Weaknesses
Storage Characteristics by Application and Technology
Estimated Cost-Down for ESS for Ancillary Services Installations: 2011-2021
Summary of Ancillary Services Forecasted
Select System or Grid Operators and Corresponding Ancillary Services
Summary of Select Ancillary Service Markets and Characteristics
Summary of Key Markets and Drivers and Market Characteristics, Select Countries
Summary of Market Structures, ISO versus Vertically Integrated Markets
Federal Energy Storage Funding Opportunities
AB 2514 Implementation Timeline
Transition Challenges in the Power Sector for Central European Countries: 2006
New and Renewable Energy (NRE) Feed-In Tariff Scheme, Korea
Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage
ESG Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
Storage Characteristics by Application and Technology
Beacon Power SWOT Analysis
Amber Kinetics SWOT Analysis
Vycon SWOT Analysis
Active Power SWOT Analysis
GS Battery SWOT Analysis
East Penn Manufacturing SWOT Analysis
Panasonic SWOT Analysis
Xtreme Power SWOT Analysis
A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
Altair Nanotechnologies SWOT Analysis
Electrovaya SWOT Analysis
International Battery SWOT Analysis
Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
NGK Insulators SWOT Analysis
Bright Energy Storage Technologies SWOT Analysis
SustainX SWOT Analysis
Hydrogenics SWOT Analysis
Black & Veatch SWOT Analysis
HDR SWOT Analysis
MWH SWOT Analysis
ABB SWOT Analysis
AES Energy Storage SWOT Analysis
NYSERDA SWOT Analysis
Rubenius SWOT Analysis
S&C Electric Company SWOT Analysis
Annual Growth of New CAES by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
CAES New Installed Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Electricity Output by Region, New Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Pumped Storage by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
Pumped Storage Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New NaS Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
NaS Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Advanced Lead-Acid by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lead-Acid Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Flywheel by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheels Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheel Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheel Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheel Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheel Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Flywheel Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of All Energy Storage Technologies Combined by Region, New Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Installed Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Total Installed System Revenue by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Frequency Regulation by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Voltage Support by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Short Duration Renewables Integration by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Spinning Reserves by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Electricity Supply Reserve Capacity by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Load Following by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Total Capacity by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, North America: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, North America: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Middle East: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Middle East: 2011-2021

Energy Storage on the Grid

Kristi Anderson — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:47:52 +0000

Fundamentally, electric grids require balance in order to function properly. Energy storage provides grid operators with an alternative to traditional grid management. Storage solutions such as compressed air and pumped storage have been around for decades, but while these installations provide large storage capacity, the technologies have not had significant success in the global market when compared to the substantial increase in grid capacity over the past 50 years.

Long duration energy storage on the grid (ESG) is reaching a turning point. Currently, a number of new technologies – and variations on “old” technologies such as compressed air energy storage and pumped storage – are being demonstrated in North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East. The market is ripe with opportunity. Utilities, grid service providers, and equipment suppliers are all participating in energy storage projects.

This Pike Research report includes analysis of key market drivers and barriers for the emerging energy storage market, technology issues, and detailed profiles of 12 key countries. The study provides global forecasts for the long duration energy storage market, segmented by region, application, and technology, and measured in revenue and megawatts. The report also identifies the key changes in the ESG market during the past year and includes analysis on key energy storage projects to date.

Key Questions Addressed:

How is the energy storage market segmented between long discharge duration energy storage on the grid (ESG) applications and short duration ancillary services applications?
Which technologies are best suited for ESG applications, and to which applications specifically?
What are the most popular applications, by region, for energy storage?
In the case of ESG installations with multiple applications, which are the primary applications overall?
How large is the market, in terms of megawatts and revenue, by application and region?
What will the market segmentation be in the United States, Europe, and Asia Pacific by technology and application?
Who are the key players in the ESG market?
How fast will the market grow and what are the key demand drivers?
What are the key countries for ESG going forward and what are the key drivers, barriers, and opportunities for energy storage in those markets?
What are the estimated installed energy storage costs and revenue opportunities for energy storage technology providers?
How does this vary by different energy storage technologies providing ESG?

Who needs this report?

Energy storage technology providers
Energy storage service providers
Battery manufacturers and component providers
Utilities
Renewable energy technology providers
Renewable energy project developers
Investor community
Government agencies
Consultants

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Recent Changes in the ESG Market

1.3 ESG Technologies

1.4 ESG Players

1.5 ESG Market Forecast

1.5.1 Why the Numbers Are Different

1.5.2 ESG Forecasts

2. Market Issues

2.1 Defining the ESS Market

2.1.1 Energy Storage on the Grid

2.1.2 Ancillary Services

2.2 ESG Applications

2.2.1 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Applications

2.2.2 Load Leveling and Peak Shifting

2.2.3 Arbitrage

2.2.4 Renewable Energy Grid Integration

2.2.5 Transmission & Distribution Upgrade Deferral

2.3 Business Models for ESS

2.4 Market Segmentation of ESS

2.4.1 Market Segmentation by Technology

2.4.2 Market Segmentation by Geography

2.4.3 Market Segmentation by Application

3. Technology Issues

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage

3.2.1 Overview

3.2.2 Applications

3.3 Hydrogen

3.3.1 Overview

3.3.2 Applications

3.4 Pumped Storage

3.4.1 Overview

3.4.2 Applications

3.5 Sodium Sulfur Batteries

3.5.1 Overview

3.5.2 Applications

3.6 Flow Batteries

3.6.1 Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

3.6.2 Zinc Bromine Flow Batteries

3.7 Lithium Ion Batteries

3.7.1 Overview

3.7.2 Leading Chemistries

3.7.3 Summary of Developments

3.7.4 Efficiency and Capacity

3.8 Other Advanced Batteries

3.8.1 Sodium Metal Halide

3.8.2 Metal Air Batteries

3.9 ESG Technology Comparison

3.10 ESG Costs

3.10.1 CAES

3.10.2 Pumped Storage

3.10.3 Sodium Sulfur

3.10.4 Flow Batteries

3.10.5 Lithium Ion

4. Energy Storage Markets by Region

4.1 North America

4.1.1 Canada

4.1.2 United States

4.2 Europe

4.2.1 EU 20/20/20

4.2.2 Renewables Penetration

4.2.3 Denmark

4.2.4 Germany

4.2.5 France

4.2.6 Spain

4.2.7 Italy

4.2.8 United Kingdom

4.2.9 Central Europe

4.3 Asia Pacific

4.3.1 Japan

4.3.2 Korea

4.3.3 India

4.3.4 China

4.4 Latin America

4.5 Middle East

4.6 Africa

4.7 Summary

5. Key Industry Players

5.1 Compressed Air Energy Storage

5.1.1 Bright Energy Storage Technologies

5.1.2 Dresser-Rand

5.1.3 Energy Storage and Power

5.1.4 General Compression

5.1.5 Haddington Ventures

5.1.6 Iowa Stored Energy Park

5.1.7 SustainX

5.2 Hydrogen

5.2.1 Hydrogenics

5.2.2 ITM Power

5.3 Pumped Storage

5.3.1 Black & Veatch

5.3.2 HDR

5.3.3 MHW Global

5.4 NaS Batteries

5.4.1 NGK Insulators

5.5 Flow Batteries

5.5.1 EnerVault

5.5.2 Premium Power

5.5.3 Primus Power

5.5.4 Prudent Energy

5.5.5 RedFlow Technologies

5.5.6 Sumitomo Electric Industries

5.5.7 ZBB Energy Corp.

5.6 Lithium Ion

5.6.1 A123 Systems

5.6.2 Altair Nanotechnologies

5.6.3 Electrovaya

5.6.4 Ener1/EnerDel

5.6.5 Hitachi Group

5.6.6 International Battery

5.6.7 Johnson Controls

5.6.8 Saft Batteries

5.6.9 Seeo

5.7 Other Advanced Batteries

5.7.1 44 Tech

5.7.2 General Electric

5.8 ESG Value-Add Players

5.8.1 ABB

5.8.2 AES Energy Storage

5.8.3 Gridflex

5.8.4 NYSERDA

5.8.5 RES Americas

5.8.6 Rubenius

5.8.7 RWE Power

5.8.8 S&C Electric Company

6. Market Forecasts

6.1 Changes from 2010 Forecasts

6.2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Applications: Challenges in Defining Market Value

6.3 Forecasts by ESG Technology

6.4 Forecast by Application

6.5 Forecasts by Region ($ and MW)

6.5.1 United States

6.5.2 Europe

6.5.3 Asia Pacific

7.      Company Directory
8.      Acronym and Abbreviation List
9.      Table of Contents
10.    Table of Charts and Figures
11.    Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

Installed Revenue by ESG Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
ESS Installation Segmentation by Technology (Major Projects, +- 10 years): 2011
ESS Segmentation by Technology, MW (Major Projects, +- 10 years): 2011
ESS Market Segmentation by Geography, (Major Projects, +- 10 years), in MW: 2011
ESS Installation Segmentation by Technology (Major Projects, +- 10 years): 2011
Installed ESG Market Segmentation by Application, World Markets: 2011
ESS Market Segmentation by Geography, in MWh: 2011
ESS Market Segmentation by Geography and Technology, World Markets: 2011
ESG Market Segmentation by Application, World Markets: 2011
ESG Market Segmentation by Application, World Markets: 2011
ESS Segmentation by Technology, MWh (Major Projects, +- 10 years): 2011
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Canada: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, United States: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Denmark, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and U.K.: 2008
Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption: 2006-2020
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Denmark: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Germany: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, France: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Spain: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Italy: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, United Kingdom: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Japan: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Korea: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, India: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, China: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Latin America: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Middle East: 2008
Electricity Production, by Fuel Type, in GWh, Africa: 2008
ESG Installation Segmentation by Application, Number of Major Projects: 2011
Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook for Japan’s Primary Supply, Generation Capacity, and Output
BP Energy Outlook, Projected Growth of Energy Consumption by Sector, Region, and Fuel
Total Capacity by Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, United States: 2011-2021
New Capacity Forecast by ESG Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Cumulative Capacity Forecast by ESG Application, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by ESG Technology, North America: 2011-2021
New Capacity Forecast by ESG Technology, North America: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by ESG Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
New Capacity Forecast by ESG Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by ESG Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021
New Capacity Forecast by ESG Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021
ESS Market Segmentation
Fluctuations in Wind Power Feed in E.ON Netz Control Area: November 2003
Energy Storage Technologies Performance: Discharge Time vs. Rated Power
Energy Storage Technologies Performance: Discharge Time vs. Rated Power
Definition of Ancillary Services
Schematic of Compressed Air Energy Storage
Second-Generation CAES Design
Core CAES Application: Renewable Energy Time Shift
Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage
Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage – Enhanced with CAES Flexibility
Hydrogen Fueling Demonstration at Stansted Airport Using ITM Power Electrolyzer and Energy Storage Solution
Schematic of Pumped Storage
Planned Pumped Storage Facilities in the United States
Integrating Wind with Pumped Storage Shaping Wind Variability
Schematic of Sodium Sulfur Battery Technology
Core NaS Application: Conventional Energy Time Shifting or Peak Shaving
Schematic of Vanadium Redox Battery Technology
Core VRB Application: Conventional Energy Time Shifting or Load Leveling
Schematic of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery Technology
Energy Storage Characteristics
U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards
ISO/RTO Regions
Primary Energy Use per Capita in Six European Countries in kg of Oil Equivalent
Primary Production of Renewable Energies in Europe
Primary Production of Wind Energy in Europe
German Regional Generation Mix

List of Tables

Project Characteristics Tracked in the Pike Research Dataset
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage
Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
ESG Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
AB 2514 Implementation Timeline
Federal Energy Storage Funding Opportunities
Selections for Section 48C Manufacturing Tax Credit
Additional Projects
Share of Renewable Energy in Gross Final Energy Consumption: 2006-2020
Total Installed Wind Capacity, European Union: 2001-2010
Current Banding Level of Support Under the RO in England and Wales
Transition Challenges in the Power Sector for Central European Countries
New and Renewable Energy (NRE) Feed-In Tariff Scheme, Korea
Key Applications for Energy Storage in China
Summary of Key Markets and Drivers and Market Characteristics
Bright Energy Storage SWOT Analysis
Dresser-Rand SWOT Analysis
Energy Storage and Power SWOT Analysis
General Compression SWOT Analysis
Haddington Ventures SWOT Analysis
ISEPA SWOT Analysis
SustainX SWOT Analysis
Hydrogen Fuelling Stations Using Hydrogenics Electrolyzers
Hydrogenics SWOT Analysis
ITM Power SWOT Analysis
Black & Veatch SWOT Analysis
HDR SWOT Analysis
MWH Global SWOT Analysis
NGK Insulators SWOT Analysis
EnerVault SWOT Analysis
Premium Power SWOT Analysis
Primus Power SWOT Analysis
Prudent Energy SWOT Analysis
RedFlow Technologies SWOT Analysis
Sumitomo Electric Industries SWOT Analysis
ZBB Energy Corp. SWOT Analysis
A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
Altairnano SWOT Analysis
Electrovaya SWOT Analysis
Ener1/EnerDel SWOT Analysis
Hitachi Group SWOT Analysis
International Battery SWOT Analysis
Johnson Controls SWOT Analysis
Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
Seeo SWOT Analysis
44 Tech SWOT Analysis
General Electric SWOT Analysis
ABB SWOT Analysis
AES Energy Storage SWOT Analysis
Gridflex SWOT Analysis
NYSERDA SWOT Analysis
RES Americas SWOT Analysis
Rubenius SWOT Analysis
RWE Power SWOT Analysis
S&C Electric Company SWOT Analysis
Baseline Figures for Each Application in the Market Forecast
Baseline Figures for the Top 3 Regional Markets for ESG as of 2011
CAES Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Electricity Output by Region, New Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
CAES Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Pumped Storage by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
Pumped Storage Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Pumped Storage Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New NaS Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2010-2020
NaS Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Advanced Flow Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
NaS Battery Energy Cost by Region, T&D Deferral, World Markets: 2011-2021
Application: T&D Upgrade Deferral Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, T&D Deferral, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Energy Cost by Region, T&D Deferral, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of New Advanced Flow Batteries by Region, World Markets: 2012-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Average Duration of Discharge by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Power Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Energy Cost by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, T&D Deferral Only, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Installed New Capacity by Region, Excluding T&D, World Markets: 2011-2021
Advanced Flow Battery Energy Cost by Region, T&D Deferral, World Markets: 2011-2021
Annual Growth of All Energy Storage Technologies Combined by Region, New Capacity, World Markets: 2012-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Installed New Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2010-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Electricity Output by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Total Installed System Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Installed Capacity by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
All Energy Storage Technologies Total Installed System Revenue by Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
Application: Load Leveling/Peak Shifting Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
Application: Renewables Integration (Wind) Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
Application: Renewables Integration (Solar) Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
Application: Arbitrage Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2011-2021
Installed Revenue by ESG Technology, World Markets: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, United States: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Western Europe: 2011-2021
New Capacity Addition of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021
New Capacity Revenue of All Energy Storage Technologies by Technology, Asia Pacific: 2011-2021

Energy Storage in Commercial Buildings

Kristi Anderson — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 04:30:55 +0000

The market momentum toward greater energy efficiency in commercial buildings, the proliferation of smart grid technologies, and the growth of renewable energy installations both on a distributed basis as well as at the utility scale are all driving heightened interest in the opportunity for energy storage in commercial buildings. Buildings represent a large portion of total energy consumption and many of their occupants are actively seeking ways of better managing their energy costs through efficiency measures as well as innovative means of optimizing their expenditures under time of use (TOU) electricity rates and other variable pricing structures.

While uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are currently the most common form of energy storage in commercial buildings, thermal energy storage (TES) technologies are capable of storing a comparable amount of energy. Each TES system has large storage capacity, to shift hours of cooling load in large buildings and campuses, from on-peak to off-peak periods. The wholesale cost to utilities for on-peak electricity is higher, compared to off-peak. Some regional regulations allow utilities to pass this cost difference to their commercial customers, with demand charges and/or TOU rates. A utility customer can use an energy storage system to manage this cost. This application requires thousands of cycles per lifetime, multiple hours of duration per cycle, and a cost-effective price. In some markets, these requirements are met by TES and by flow batteries now, and possibly by lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries in a few years.

This Pike Research report explores the market potential for energy storage in commercial buildings including an examination of market issues, technology issues, and the competitive landscape in this emerging sector. Market forecasts are provided for uninterruptible power supplies and thermal energy storage in commercial buildings, and key industry players are profiled in depth.

Key Questions Addressed:

How is energy stored in commercial buildings now, and how will this change over the next 5 years?
How is stored energy used in commercial buildings now, and how will this change over the next 5 years?
What are the high level performance requirements for various uses of energy storage in commercial buildings?
What value streams can contribute to a business case for energy storage in buildings, beyond UPS?
What are the most promising world regions for a successful business case regarding energy storage in commercial buildings?
What are some promising regional policies to emulate, to promote energy storage as part of a comprehensive program for cost-effective and energy-efficient electricity service?

Who needs this report?

Energy storage technology companies
UPS manufacturers and integrators
Thermal energy storage manufacturers and designers
Battery manufacturers
Energy service companies (ESCOs)
Third-party ancillary service providers
Demand response providers
Utilities
Government agencies
Investor community

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Overview of Energy Storage in Commercial Buildings

1.1.1 Applications

1.1.2 Backup Power

1.1.3 Time Shifting with Thermal Energy Storage

1.1.4 Time Shifting with Electrical Energy Storage

1.2 Pricing and Cost-Effectiveness

1.3 Future

2. Backup Power/Risk Reduction

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Applications

2.2.1 Duration

2.2.1.1 Power Conditioning (Seconds)

2.2.1.2 Bridge Power (Seconds) and Backup Power (Minutes to Days)

2.2.2 Size

2.2.3 Quality

2.2.4 Building Types

2.3 Technologies

2.3.1 Lead-Acid

2.3.2 Li-ion

2.3.3 NiCd

2.3.4 NiMH

2.3.5 Rotary

2.3.6 Ultracapacitors

2.3.7 Generators

2.3.8 Fuel Cells

2.3.9 Backup Energy Storage Technology Summary

2.4 Drivers

2.4.1 Risk Management for Critical Services

2.4.2 Data Centers Growing

2.4.3 Developed World Performance Standards in Developing Regions

2.5 Barriers

2.5.1 Cost

2.5.2 Lead-Acid Limitations

2.5.3 Maintenance

2.6 Market and Key Industry Players

2.6.1 Silent Power

3. Time Shifting/Cost Reduction

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Scale

3.3 Applications

3.3.1 Load Leveling and Peak Shaving

3.3.2 Renewable Integration

3.3.2.1 Utility Perspective

3.3.2.2 Individual Building Perspective

3.3.3 Ancillary Service

3.3.4 Conventional Energy Time Shifting

3.4 Building Types

3.5 Technologies, Key Industry Players, and Markets

3.5.1 Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

3.5.1.1 Overview

3.5.1.2 Drivers for TES Cooling

3.5.1.2.1. For Utilities

3.5.1.2.2. For Building Owners

3.5.1.3 Barriers for TES Cooling

3.5.1.4 Market

3.5.1.5 Players

3.5.1.5.1. BAC (Baltimore Aircoil Company)

3.5.1.5.2. Calmac

3.5.1.5.3. Cryogel

3.5.1.5.4. Florida Power and Light

3.5.1.5.5. Ice Energy

3.5.1.6 TES for Heating

3.5.1.7 Building Integrated TES

3.5.2 Electrical Energy Storage

3.5.2.1 Advanced Lead-Acid

3.5.2.2 Li-ion

3.5.2.2.1. A123 Systems

3.5.2.2.2. Altair Nanotechnologies

3.5.2.2.3. BYD

3.5.2.2.4. Electrovaya

3.5.2.2.5. Ener1/EnerDel

3.5.2.2.6. GS Yuasa

3.5.2.2.7. Hitachi Group

3.5.2.2.8. International Battery

3.5.2.2.9. Johnson Controls

3.5.2.2.10. Saft Batteries

3.5.2.2.11. Seeo

3.5.2.2.12. Lithium-Ion Cost

3.5.2.3 Flow Batteries

3.5.2.3.1. Zinc Bromine Flow Batteries

3.5.2.3.2. Premium Power Corp.

3.5.2.3.3. RedFlow Technologies

3.5.2.3.4. ZBB

3.5.2.3.5. Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

3.5.2.3.6. EnerVault

3.5.2.3.7. Primus Power

3.5.2.3.8. Prudent Energy

3.5.2.3.9. Flow Battery Cost

3.5.2.4 NaS

3.5.2.4.1. NGK Insulators

3.5.2.5 Ambient Temperature Sodium

3.5.2.5.1. General Electric

3.5.2.5.2. 44 Tech

3.5.2.6 Secondhand Batteries

3.5.2.7 Metal Air

3.5.2.8 CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage)

3.5.3 Overview of Battery Technologies for Time Shifting

3.5.4 ES Costs

3.5.5 Overall ES Technology Comparison

3.6 Drivers for Electrical ES for Time Shift

3.6.1 Introduction

3.6.2 Perspective

3.6.2.1 For Building Owners and Utilities

3.6.2.1.1. RE Saturation on Local Feeder Lines

3.6.2.1.2. Li-Ion Battery Price Erosion for EVs

3.6.2.1.3. Flow Battery Price Erosion for Grid Services

3.6.2.1.4. UPS Manufacturer Service Contracts

3.6.2.2 For Building Owners

3.6.2.2.1. High Demand Charges

3.6.2.2.2. Block Rates

3.6.2.2.3. Time-of-Use (TOU) Rates

3.6.2.2.4. GHG Reduction and LEED Points: Source Energy vs. Site Energy

3.6.2.2.5. Demand Response (DR)

3.6.2.2.6. Backup power requirements & emission restrictions

3.6.2.2.7. RE Subsidies That Include Energy Storage

3.6.2.2.8. RE Use During Grid Outages

3.6.2.3 For Utilities

3.6.2.3.1. Cost Competitive vs. Peaking Plants

3.6.2.3.2. Deferred Generation Capacity

3.6.2.3.3. Deferred Transmission/Distribution Capacity

3.6.3 United States – National

3.6.3.1 Recent U.S. FERC Ruling

3.6.3.2 U.S. EPA Tier 4 Generator Requirement

3.6.3.3 U.S. 30% Tax Credit for ES + RE System

3.6.3.4 Future Policy

3.6.4 United States – State and Regional

3.6.4.1 Utility Incentives for TES

3.6.4.2 RPS

3.6.4.3 California

3.6.4.4 State Income Tax Credits

3.6.4.5 TOU and DR in the United States

3.6.4.5.1. ISO/RTO Structure

3.6.5 Beyond the United States

3.6.5.1 TOU Rates

3.6.5.2 Renewable Portfolio Standards

3.6.5.3 Canada

3.6.5.4 Australia

3.6.5.5 China

3.6.5.6 Germany

3.6.5.7 Japan

3.6.5.8 Middle East

3.7 Barriers

3.7.1 High First Cost

3.7.2 Short Time Horizon in Private Buildings

3.7.3 Insufficient Single-Source Payback

3.7.4 Lack of Expertise and Interest

3.7.4.1 Regulators

3.7.4.2 Building Owners and Facility Managers

3.7.4.3 Designers

3.7.5 Flat, Inexpensive Electricity Rate Structures

3.7.6 Utilities Avoid the Customer Side of the Meter

3.7.7 Flat Rates for FIT and Net Metering

3.7.8 RE Industry Opposition to ES

3.7.9 Unclear Value Proposition

3.7.10 Risk of Changing Rate Structures and Policies

4. Market Scenarios

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Overview of Potential Market in the United States

4.3 Backup Power

4.4 TES

4.4.1 Scenarios

4.5 Electrical Energy Storage for Time Shifting

4.5.1 Baseline Scenario

4.5.2 Aggressive Scenario

5.      Company Directory

6.      Acronym and Abbreviation List

7.      Table of Contents

8.      Table of Charts and Figures

9.      Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

TOU Example: PG&E Small Commercial A-6 Summer Energy Prices
Summer CO2 Emissions from California Utilities: On-Peak, Mid-Peak, Off-Peak
UPS in Commercial Buildings, Projected Annual Revenue, World Markets: 2011-2016
Ice-Based TES Revenue, Rooftop Units, North America: 2011-2016
Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Custom Systems, World Markets: 2011-2016
Load Leveling vs. Peak Shaving
Capital Cost Comparison of Large-Scale Energy Storage on the Grid
Schematic of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery Technology
Schematic of Vanadium Redox Battery Technology
RPS Policies with Solar/Distributed Generation Provisions, United States
Map of ISO/RTO Council Members

List of Tables

UPS Energy Storage Technology Summary
Silent Power SWOT Analysis
Performance Characteristics of Some Li-ion Battery Chemistries
A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
Altairnano SWOT Analysis
BYD SWOT Analysis
Electrovaya SWOT Analysis
Ener1/EnerDel SWOT Analysis
GS Yuasa SWOT Analysis
Hitachi Group SWOT Analysis
International Battery SWOT Analysis
Johnson Controls SWOT Analysis
Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
Seeo SWOT Analysis
Premium Power SWOT Analysis
RedFlow Technologies SWOT Analysis
ZBB Energy Corp. SWOT Analysis
EnerVault SWOT Analysis
Primus Power SWOT Analysis
Prudent Energy SWOT Analysis
NGK Insulators SWOT Analysis
General Electric SWOT Analysis
44 Tech SWOT Analysis
ES Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
Power Cost Projections for ESG Technologies, World Markets: 2010, 2015, and 2020
Energy Cost Projections for ESG Technologies, World Markets: 2010, 2015, and 2020
ESG Technology Comparison
ISO/RTO DR Program Status, IRC Members
Overview of ES Drivers by State
Some Renewable Electricity Targets, Global
Potential Market Value of Energy Storage, Next Ten Years, California & the U.S.
Ice-Based TES Revenue, Rooftop Units, North America: 2011-2016
Ice-Based Thermal Energy Storage Revenue, Custom Systems, World Markets: 2011-2016