During the past decade, automakers have introduced technologies that enable gasoline engines to turn off when vehicles are slowed down or stopped, driven largely by an effort to meet mandated carbon emissions reduction goals for vehicle fleets. These stop-start vehicles also go by the names of micro hybrids, idle stop vehicles, or a variety of technologies branded by auto makers, and in many cases the technology is bundled with other fuel efficient technologies. These vehicles offer 5% to 10% reductions in both fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Stop-start vehicles require more robust batteries and starter systems than are found in internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and are priced at a small premium over ICEs but considerably less than hybrid vehicles.

With the most aggressive environmental goals in the world, Europe has seen by far the greatest selection of vehicles with stop-start technology and, not surprisingly, the greatest volume of vehicles sold. North America has experienced a relatively slow penetration of the technology due to less stringent emissions reduction goals and an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing cycle that underestimates the benefits of the technology. Pike Research forecasts that the market for stop-start vehicles will increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32% between 2011 and 2020, reaching a total market of 37 million vehicles sold annually by the end of the forecast period.

This Pike Research report analyzes opportunities and challenges in the emerging market for stop-start vehicles. The report provides a comprehensive examination of the stop-start component systems as well as the battery technologies used for energy storage. The study includes forecasts through 2020 for stop-start vehicles, battery and ultracapacitor sales in world regions. Key market players are also profiled.

Key Questions Addressed:

• What are the different technologies used for energy storage in stop-start vehicles?
• What are the differences between stop-start and micro and mild hybrid vehicles?
• Will consumers continue to purchase hybrids after stop-start vehicles are available?
• What are the key technologies used in stop-start vehicles?
• How large will the market for stop-start vehicles be?
• What are the various names under which stop-start technologies are marketed?
• Who are the key players in the stop-start vehicle market?
• What are the major impediments preventing stop-start vehicles from being marketed in North America?
• What are the savings in emissions and fuel that fleet managers can expect?

Who needs this report?

• Vehicle manufacturers
• Vehicle component suppliers
• Battery manufacturers
• Government agencies
• Investor community
• Fleet managers

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

2.1    Background

2.2    Benefits

2.3    Technology by Many Names

2.3.1     Mild Hybrids

2.4    State of Stop-Start

2.4.1     Europe

2.4.2     Asia

2.4.3     North America

2.5    OEM Costs

2.6    Consumer Price

2.7    Competition with Hybrids

3. Technology Issues

3.1    Stop-Start Subsystem

3.1.1     Stop-Start Integration Packages

3.1.1.1     Belt Integrated Starter Generator

3.1.1.2      Belt Alternator Starter

3.1.1.3      Flywheel Alternator Starter

3.1.1.4      Tandem Solenoid

3.2    Stop-Start Energy Storage

3.2.1     EFB

3.2.2     VRLA

3.2.2.1     Sulfation

3.2.3     Lead-Carbon “Ultra” Batteries

3.2.4     Li-ion Batteries

3.2.5     Ultracapacitors

3.3    Transmissions

4. Demand Drivers

4.1    Government Emissions Regulations

4.1.1     Europe

4.1.2     North America

4.1.3     Asia

4.2    Corporate Fleets Emissions Reductions

4.3    Gas/Diesel Prices

4.3.1     Consumers

4.3.2     Fleets

5. Key Industry Players

5.1    Energy Storage Providers

5.1.1     A123 Systems

5.1.2     Axion Power

5.1.3     East Penn Manufacturing

5.1.4     Exide Technologies

5.1.5     GS Yuasa

5.1.6     Johnson Controls

5.1.7     LS Mtron

5.1.8     Maxwell Technologies

5.1.9     PowerGenix

5.2    Stop-Start Auto Manufactures

5.2.1     BMW

5.2.2     Daimler

5.2.3     Fiat

5.2.4     Ford

5.2.5     General Motors

5.2.6     Hyundai/Kia

5.2.7     Toyota Motor Corp.

5.2.8     Volkswagon/Audi

5.2.9     Volvo

5.3    Stop-Start Subsystem Suppliers

5.3.1      BorgWarner

5.3.2      Bosch Rexroth AG

5.3.3      Continental Corporation

5.3.4      ZF Freidrichschafen AG

6. Market Forecasts

6.1    Global Vehicle Forecast: 2011-2017

6.1.1     Stop-Start Vehicle Sales

6.1.2     North American

6.1.3     Western Europe

6.1.4     Asia

6.2    Fleet Sales

6.3    Battery Sales

6.4    Battery Revenue

6.5    Ultracapacitors Sales

6.6    Ultracapacitors Revenue

7. Company Directory

8. Acronym and Abbreviation List

9. Table of Contents

10. Table of Charts and Figures

11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Annual SSV/HEV Sales, World Markets: 2011-2017
• Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Drivetrain, North America: 2015
• Annual SSV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
• Annual Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
• Annual SSV/HEV Sales, World Markets: 2011-2017
• Annual Stop-Start Light-Duty Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2011-2020
• SSV Share of Total Light-Duty Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2017
• Annual SSV Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2011-2017
• Annual Total Stop-Start Light-Duty Vehicle Battery Sales, World Markets: 2011-2020
• Annual Total Stop-Start Light-Duty Vehicle Battery Revenue World Markets: 2011-2020
• Annual Sales of Stop-Start Light-Duty Vehicles with Ultracapacitors, World Markets: 2011-2020
• Annual Ultracapacitors Revenue from SSVs by Region, World Markets: 2011-2020
• Mazda’s i-stop Technology
• Belt Alternator Stop-Start System Diagram
• AGM Duty Cycles
• Battery Technology Cycle Life
• Lead Carbon Battery Diagram
• Global CO2 Emissions Reduction Requirements: 2003-2030
• European Auto Manufacturer Emissions Reduction Targets: 2006 vs. 2012
• New EU Vehicle CO2 Emissions: 1995-2009
• Sales of Low CO2 Emissions Vehicles, European Union: 1995-2009
• U.S. EPA CAFE Regulations Requirements: 2010-2016

List of Tables

• Automaker Technologies Featuring Stop-Start
• Automaker Stop-Start Systems in Europe:  2011
• SSV/HEV Price Comparison, United Kingdom: 2011
• Tier One Suppliers Offering Stop-Start Systems
• ICE/HEV/SSV Cost of Fuel Comparison
• Annual Growth in Total Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Total Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Growth in Total HEV Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Total HEV Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Growth in Total SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual Stop-Start Light-Duty Vehicle Sales, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual SSV Sales as a Percentage of Total Light-Duty Fleet by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Total Light-Duty Vehicle Sales by Segment by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Total Light Duty Vehicle  Percentage Sales by Segment by Region, World Markets 2011-2017
• Annual Growth in HEV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual HEV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Growth in SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Growth in HEV/SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual HEV/SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2017
• Annual Growth in Total SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Battery Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Battery Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual SSV Light-Duty Vehicle Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual Growth in Stop-Start Light-Duty (Vehicles) with Ultracapacitors Sales by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual Stop-Start Light-Duty (Vehicles) with Ultracapacitors Sales, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual Ultracapacitors Revenue from SSVs by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020
• Annual Total Stop-Start Energy Storage Revenue by Region, World Markets:  2011-2020