The United States Energy Services Company (ESCO) market has been in the business of providing energy efficiency products and services for over 30 years, and is just now beginning to fully realize its potential. As energy issues concern all levels of decision makers, the ESCO model enables current energy legislation at the federal, state, and local levels, as well as providing a proven Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) model to the private sector. In the $5.6 billion ESCO industry, more than 75% of revenues come from the dynamic implementation of an entire suite of energy efficiency measures.
The current commercial building stock of over 70 billion square feet provides a fertile market opportunity for ESCOs, and Pike Research forecasts that the ESCO business will achieve double digit compound annual growth rates over the next several years. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) is stimulating the ESCO business by injecting roughly $11 billion into the industry through incentives, grants, and lending opportunities. While the federal building sector remains strong, new financing mechanisms are also being introduced to the private sector, which under certain circumstances could trigger significant new growth in the ESCO market.
This Pike Research report examines the commercial buildings market by end-use, identifying the solution opportunities for ESCOs and highlighting key industry drivers. The report analyzes the framework for rapid growth in this market, reviewing federal programs, laws, regulations, and pending legislation, while also revealing key barriers for the privately owned commercial building market. Market forecasts include base case and aggressive growth scenarios through 2020.
Key questions addressed:
- What is an ESCO, and how is it defined?
- What are the addressable markets for an ESCO?
- What past, current, and future policies are drivers/barriers to the ESCO market?
- How and when will the private commercial building sector see market penetration?
- What ESCOs have a strong play in the near-term future?
Who needs this report?
- Energy Service Companies
- Commercial building owners
- Federal, state, and local government agencies
- Investment community
- Efficient lighting manufacturers and installers
- HVAC System Installers
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Market Issues
2.1 Defining the ESCO Market
2.1.1 History
2.1.1.1 1973 Oil Embargo
2.1.2 The First Energy Service Company Model
2.1.3 1980s and 1990s
2.1.4 Consolidation
2.2 Industry Structure as Defined by Players
2.2.1 The First Energy Service Company Model
2.2.2 The First Energy Service Company Model
2.2.3 Utility Companies
2.2.4 Architectural and Engineering Companies
2.3 Services
2.3.1 Energy Performance Contracting
2.4 Performance Contracting Financing
2.4.1 Energy Conservation
2.4.2 Energy Infrastructure Outsourcing
2.4.3 Power Generation and Energy Supply
2.4.4 Risk Management
2.4.5 Value-Added Service
2.5 Industry Size
2.6 Industry Segmentation by Market
2.6.1 Institutional
2.6.1.1 MUSH Market
2.6.1.1.1 K-12 Schools
2.6.1.1.2 Universities and Colleges
2.6.1.1.3 Education
2.6.1.1.4 Health and Hospitals
2.6.1.1.5 Federal Buildings
2.6.2 Private Sector
2.6.2.1 Commercial
2.6.2.2 Industrial
2.7 Market Drivers
2.7.1 Rising Fuel/Electricity Prices
2.7.2 Climate Change
2.7.3 Deferred Maintenance
2.7.3.1 Total Addressable Floor Space
2.7.4 Greening of Buildings
2.7.5 Customer Education
2.8 Commercial and Industrial Barriers
2.8.1 Limited Capital Budgets
2.8.2 Consumer Incentives
2.8.3 Long Payback Period
2.8.4 Lending
2.8.5 Split Incentives
2.8.6 Lack of Education
2.9 Commercial and Industrial Drivers
2.9.1 Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Bonds
2.9.1.1 Drivers
2.9.1.1.1 Federal Level
2.9.1.1.2 Commercial Building Owners
2.9.1.1.3 Major Political Support
2.9.1.1.4 Potential Market Size
2.10 Federal Energy Management Program
2.10.1 Energy Savings Performance Contracts
2.10.1.1 Awarded Contracts
2.10.1.2 Utility Energy Service Contracts
2.10.1.2.1 Area-wide Contracts
2.10.1.2.2 Basic Ordering Agreements
2.10.2 Power Purchase Agreements
2.10.2.1 Laws and Regulations
2.10.2.1.1 National Energy Conservation Policy Act
2.10.2.1.2 Energy Independence and Security Act 2007
2.10.2.1.3 Executive Order 13423
2.10.3 National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
2.10.3.1 Energy Policy Act of 2005
2.10.4 Energy Incentive Programs
3. Technology Issues
3.1 Equipment as Defined by Energy Usage
3.1.1 HVAC Systems
3.1.1.1 Heating
3.1.1.2 Ventilating
3.1.1.3 Air Conditioning
3.1.1.4 HVAC Control Products
3.1.1.5 HVAC Equipment
3.1.1.5.1 HVAC Controls for Temperature, Comfort, Ventilation, and Efficiency
3.1.2 Energy-Efficient Lighting and Lighting Design
3.1.3 Energy-Efficient Motor Selection
3.2 Building Management Systems
3.3 Renewable Energy Sources
3.3.1 Solar
3.3.2 Landfill
4. Key Industry Players
4.1 AECOM Energy
4.2 Ameresco
4.3 APS Energy Services
4.4 Atlantic Energy Concepts
4.5 Atlantic Energy Solutions
4.6 The Benham Companies LLC – Science Applications International Company
4.7 Burns & McDonnell
4.8 Carrier Corporation
4.9 Chevron Energy Solutions
4.10 Clark Energy Group LLC
4.11 CLT Efficient Technologies Group
4.12 CM3 Building Solutions Inc
4.13 Comfort Systems U.S.A Energy Services
4.14 ConEdison Solutions
4.15 Constellation Energy Projects and Services Group
4.16 Control Technology and Solutions
4.17 Energy Systems Group
4.18 FPL Energy Services Inc
4.19 Honeywell International Inc
4.20 Johnson Controls Inc
4.21 Lockheed Martin
4.22 McClure Company
4.23 NORESCO
4.24 Onsite Energy Corporation
4.25 Pepco Energy Services Inc
4.26 Siemens Building Technologies
4.27 Synergy Companies
4.28 TAC by Schneider Electric
4.29 Trane Inc
4.30 Wendel Energy Services
5. Market Forecasts
5.1 Federal ESPC Provider Market Share
5.1.1 ESPC Awards
5.2 Federal Legislation
5.2.1 Carbon Cap and Trade
5.2.2 Renewable Portfolio Standards
5.2.3 Decoupling
5.3 Projected Market
6. Company Directory
7. Acronym List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Figures
- ESCO Industry Revenue by Technology or Project Type: 2006
- Average Electricity Price per kWh Including Taxes, United States: 1960-2007
- ESCO Industry Segmentation by Market, United States: 2006
- Commercial Building Space by Age and Principal Building Activity (BSF)
- Energy Usage of Commercial Buildings Built Before 2000, by Building Activity
- Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers, Total by End-Use Sector: 1995-July 2009 (Cents per kWh)
- Commercial Building Aging Infrastructure: 2003 or Before
- Total Area of Commercial Buildings by Size Category (BSF): Pre-2003
- Commercial Building Space by Use (MSF): Pre-1960-2003
- Federal ESPC Contract Award Market Share by Amount ($) Awarded: 2000-2008
- Market Share by Contract Price of Federal ESPCs Awarded: 2008
- Federal ESPC Contracts: 2000-2008
- Federal ESPC Contracts, Energy Savings: 2000-2008
- Federal Market Financing Breakdown: 2006
- Commercial Building Energy Usage by End Use: 2003
- Lighting Type Used in Commercial Buildings: 1995-2003
- Lighting Type Used in Commercial Buildings, Values of Major Characteristics: 2008
- Federal ESPCs Awarded, Market Share by Project Value: 2007
- Federal ESPC Contracts Awarded, Market Share by Project Value: 2008
- Federal ESPCs Awarded, Five-Year Forecast
- Federal ESPC Annual Project Investment Amount: 1998-2008
- ESCO Revenues, Historical Data, United States: 2001-2008
- ESCO Revenue Forecast, Base Scenario, United States: 2008-2020
- ESCO Revenue Forecast, Aggressive Scenario, United States: 2008-2020
- ESCO Market Forecast, Base Scenario, United States: 2008-2020
- Trends in Industry Shares by Company Ownership
- ESCO Industry Activity: 1990-2008
- Total Building Space by Level of Government and Building Activity (BSF)
- PACE Financing Steps
- Federal Market Financing Breakdown: 2006 ($)
- Facility Energy Intensity Reduction
- Sections in EISA 2007 Impacting the ESCO Market
- State-Based Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs and DR Programs
- Renewable Portfolio Standards: November 2009
- RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions: November 2009
- Renewable Portfolio Standards: November 2009
- States with Decoupling Legislation
- ESCO Industry Revenue by Technology or Project Type: 2006
- Cost in U.S. Dollars to Operate Commercial Building by Size, Energy Intensity, Cost per kWh
- Cost of Energy Retrofit by Commercial Building Size, United States
- Financial Incentives for Renewable Energy Totals: November 2009, Total Annual Amount
List of Tables
- ESCO Industry Revenue by Technology or Project Type: 2006
- Cost in U.S. Dollars to Operate Commercial Building by Size, Energy Intensity, Cost per kWh
- Cost of Energy Retrofit by Commercial Building Size, United States
- Average Electricity Price per kWh Including Taxes, United States: 1964-2007
- ESCO Industry Market Segmentation, United States: 2006
- Commercial Building Space by Age and Principal Building Activity
- Energy Use by Commercial Buildings Built Before 2000 by Building Activity
- Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers, Total by End-Use Sector: 1995 through 2008 (Cents per kWh)
- Government Space by Building Activity
- Existing Commercial Building Space Constructed Before 2000
- Total Area of Commercial Buildings by Size Category
- Federal ESPCs Awarded, Five Year Forecast
- ESCO Revenues, Historical Data and Forecasts, Base Scenario, United States: 2001-2020
- ESCO Revenue Forecast, Aggressive Scenario, United States: 2008-2020
