In a world of growing populations, rising standards of living, and increased urbanization, the volume of waste is escalating steadily. The gigantic amounts of waste that are hauled to dumps and accumulate in heaps and open pits have grown to become a major environmental issue. However, technological developments, economic conditions, and public policy trends are now aligning to create a significant market opportunity for waste-to-energy (WTE) plants, which utilize municipal solid waste (MSW) for the production of electricity and heat.

Today, more than 900 thermal WTE plants operate around the world and treat an estimated 0.2 billion tons of MSW with an output of approximately 130 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity. Waste collected in cities contains a large amount of biological and renewable materials, and is therefore a promising source of renewable energy. As a consequence, energy-from-waste is a strong potential contributor to energy security and diversification, and matches the growing demand for renewable energy in a carbon constrained world. Combustion is currently the leading WTE technology and is entrenched in the market. However, advanced thermal treatment (ATT) technologies such as plasma-arc gasification are emerging in the market, and biological technologies for treating waste also offer an attractive alternative to thermal WTE methods.

This Pike Research report analyzes the global market opportunity for waste-to-energy technologies as a means of generating electricity and heat from municipal solid waste. The study includes a comprehensive examination of economic and market drivers, existing and emerging technology options for WTE, the public policy and regulatory environment, and key industry players. Market forecasts, segmented by geography and technology category, extend through 2016.

Key questions addressed:

• What are the regulatory, technological, and economic market drivers for WTE?
• What is the role of WTE in the mix of primary and renewable energy resources?
• How will WTE help to mitigate GHG emissions, displace fossil fuel use, provide renewable energy, and improve energy security?
• How is the market structured and who are the key market players?
• What is the size of the WTE market opportunity by region and technology category?

Who needs this report?

• Thermal WTE equipment and component suppliers
• Biological WTE equipment and component suppliers
• Developers of new WTE technologies
• Suppliers of steam and gas turbines and engines, measurement instruments, advanced and corrosion resistant materials
• Municipal and private owners and operators of WTE plants
• Utilities
• Government agencies
• Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction to Waste-to-Energy

1.2 Market Issues

1.2.1 Waste to be Considered

1.2.2 Technologies Considered

1.2.3 Waste Generation

1.2.4 Waste Policies and Regulations

1.2.5 Economic Aspects

1.3 Market Restraints

1.4 Technology Issues

1.5 Key Market Players

1.6 Market Forecasts

2. Market Issues

2.1 Waste to Be Addressed

2.2 Technologies to Be Addressed

2.3 The Role of Waste in Energy Markets

2.4 Waste Management

2.5 WTE and GHG Emissions Mitigation

2.6 Waste Availability

2.7 WTE: Energy Uses

2.7.1 Combined Heat and Power Production

2.7.2 District Heating

2.7.3 District Cooling and Heating

2.7.4 Waste to Water

2.8 Global Demand for Energy

2.9 Energy Security

2.10 Energy Prices

2.10.1 Electricity Prices

2.10.2 Heat Prices

2.11 Climate Change

2.12 Environmental Impact

2.13 Policies, Regulation, and Stimulation Mechanisms

2.13.1 Waste Ownership

2.13.2 The European Union

2.13.2.1 Waste Legislation

2.13.2.2 Energy Efficiency

2.13.2.3 Emissions

2.13.2.4 The EU Renewable Energy Directive

2.13.3 U.S. Legislation

2.13.3.1 Air Emissions Control

2.13.3.2 Renewable Energy

2.14 Public Opposition

2.15 Incentives

2.15.1 Feed-In Tariffs

2.15.2 Tax Credits

2.15.3 Emissions Trade Credits

2.15.4 Landfill Tax

2.16 The Need for Clean Technologies

3. Technology Issues

3.1 The Drivers for Technological Developments

3.1.1 Thermal WTE

3.1.2 Biological WTE

3.2 Technology and Market Maturity

3.3 Thermal Treatment

3.3.1 Combustion

3.3.1.1 Mass Burn – Combustion

3.3.1.2 RDF – Combustion

3.3.1.3 Fluidized Bed

3.3.1.4 SEMASS

3.3.2 Advanced Thermal Treatment

3.3.2.1 Gasification

3.3.2.2 Pyrolysis

3.3.3 Air Pollution Control

3.3.3.1 Particle Removal

3.3.3.2 Chemical Cleaning

3.3.4 Residue Management

3.3.5 Energy Recovery

3.4 Biological Treatment

3.4.1 Mechanical Biological Treatment

3.4.2 Anaerobic Digestion

3.5 Technological Developments

3.5.1 Thermal Treatment

3.5.1.1 Bedminster International

3.5.1.2 Enerkem

3.5.1.3 International Environmental Solutions

3.5.1.4 Plasco Energy Group

3.5.1.5 Primenergy

3.5.1.6 Zegem

3.5.2 Biological Treatment

3.5.2.1 Arrow Ecology

3.5.2.2 Microgy

3.5.2.3 Nanologix

4. Key Industry Players

4.1 Thermal WTE

4.1.1 Market Structure

4.1.2 Market Players

4.1.2.1 ABB

4.1.2.2 AE&A Inova

4.1.2.3 Babcock & Wilcox Volund

4.1.2.4 Babcock Power

4.1.2.5 China Everbright

4.1.2.6 Covanta Energy

4.1.2.7 Ensyn

4.1.2.8 Fisia Babcock Environment

4.1.2.9 Foster Wheeler

4.1.2.10 HDR Inc.

4.1.2.11 Jansen Combustion & Boiler Technologies

4.1.2.12 JFE

4.1.2.13 Keppel Seghers

4.1.2.14 Martin

4.1.2.15 Suez Environment

4.1.2.16 Veolia Environmental Services North America

4.1.2.17 Wheelabrator

4.1.2.18 Xcel Energy

4.1.2.19 Xylowatt

4.2 Biological Treatment

4.2.1 Biogas Players

4.2.1.1 Bekon

4.2.1.2 Biogas Nord

4.2.1.3 BiogenGreenfinch

4.2.1.4 BTA

4.2.1.5 Global Water Engineering

4.2.1.6 Haase Anlagenbau

4.2.1.7 Kompogas

4.2.1.8 Organic Waste Systems

4.2.1.9 Ros Roca International

4.2.1.10 Schmack Biogas

4.2.1.11 Strabag Umweltanlagen

4.2.1.12 Valorga International, France

4.2.1.13 Wehrle Umwelt

5. Market Forecasts

5.1 Market for WTE Technologies

5.2 WTE Forecast by Technology

5.2.1 Thermal Treatment

5.2.2 Biological Treatment

5.3 Europe

5.3.1 France

5.3.2 Germany

5.3.2.1 Overview

5.3.2.2 Legislation

5.3.2.3 WTE and Renewable Energy

5.3.2.4 Waste Generation

5.3.2.5 WTE

5.3.3 Italy

5.3.3.1 Renewable Energy

5.3.3.2 Waste Legislation and Policies

5.3.3.3 Waste Generation and Treatment

5.3.3.4 Recent and Future Activity

5.3.4 Netherlands

5.3.4.1 Moratorium on Thermal WTE

5.3.5 Norway

5.3.5.1 Waste Generation

5.3.5.2 WTE Market Activity

5.3.6 Sweden

5.3.7 United Kingdom

5.3.7.1 EU Landfill Directive

5.3.7.2 Policies and Regulations

5.3.7.3 RE Stimulus

5.3.7.4 Waste Generation

5.3.7.5 WTE Activity

5.3.8 Other European Countries

5.3.8.1 Belgium

5.3.8.2 Denmark

5.3.8.3 Estonia

5.3.8.4 Finland

5.3.8.5 Hungary

5.3.8.6 Ireland

5.3.8.7 Lithuania

5.3.8.8 Poland

5.3.8.9 Romania

5.3.8.10 Slovakia

5.3.8.11 Slovenia

5.4 North America

5.4.1 United States

5.4.1.1 Growth Drivers

5.4.1.2 WTE

5.4.2 Canada

5.5 Asia Pacific

5.5.1 China

5.5.2 Hong Kong

5.5.3 India

5.5.4 Japan

5.5.5 South Korea

6. Company Directory

7. Acronym and Abbreviation List

8. Table of Contents

9. Table of Charts and Figures

10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• MSW Composition, Segmentation by Item, United States: 2007
• Thermal Treatment MSW, Total Energy Output, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Total Energy Output by Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006
• Renewable Electricity Output by WTE MSW Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Avoided WTE CO2 Emissions by Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Average MSW Generated by Country: 2008
• MSW Generated and Treated, China: 1995-2015
• GHG Emissions from Waste by Source, World Markets: 1995-2020
• GHG Emissions Reduction by MSW Management Method, EU-27: 1990-2007
• WTE Plant Operators by Type, United States: 2009
• WTE Plants by Supplier, United States: 2009
• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Technology Type, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Biological WTE Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Thermal Technologies, Awarded Plants, Europe: 2008
• Thermal Technologies, Awarded Plants, Europe: 2009
• Thermal WTE Revenue, United Kingdom: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue by Country, North America: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue, China: 2010-2016
• Thermal Treatment Plants by Technology, China: 2009
• Thermal WTE Revenue, Japan: 2010-2016
• WTE Technologies for MSW Treatment
• Primary Energy Mix, Segmentation by Source, World Markets: 2007
• Thermal Treatment, Contribution to Renewable Energy Targets, EU-27: 2006-2020
• MSW Management, Segmentation by Treatment Method and Country, EU-27: 2008
• WTE – District Heating, Copenhagen Network, Denmark
• Electricity Generation by Fuel, World Markets: 2006-2030
• CH4 Emissions for MSW Management by Country, World Markets: 2005-2020
• Positioning of WTE Technologies, Market vs. Technology Maturity
• Energy Flow in a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant
• Market Presence of Key Market Players, United States: 2008

List of Tables

• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• OECD and Non-OECD Net Electricity Generation by Energy Source: 2006-2030
• MSW Composition, Segmentation by Item, United States: 2007
• Thermal Treatment MSW, Total Energy Output, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Total Energy Output by Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006
• Renewable Electricity Output by WTE MSW Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Avoided WTE CO2 Emissions by Treatment Method, EU-27: 2006-2020
• Average MSW Generated by Country: 2008
• MSW Generated and Treated, China: 1995-2015
• GHG Emissions from Waste by Source, World Markets: 1995-2020
• GHG Emissions Reduction by MSW Management Method, EU-27: 1990-2007
• List of References and Backlog Projects, Martin: 2010-2012
• List of References and Backlog Projects, Strabag: 2009-2012
• WTE Plant Operators by Type, United States: 2009
• WTE Plants by Supplier, United States: 2009
• Planned Thermal WTE Capacities, Poland: 2011-2013
• Planned Thermal WTE Capacities, Romania: 2011-2013
• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Waste-to-Energy Revenue by Technology Type, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Biological WTE Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
• Thermal Technologies, Awarded Plants, Europe: 2008-2009
• Thermal WTE Revenue, United Kingdom: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue by Country, North America: 2010-2016
• Thermal WTE Revenue, China: 2010-2016
• Thermal Treatment Plants by Technology, China: 2009
• Thermal WTE Revenue, Japan: 2010-2016